Understanding and Processing Metabolism of Fat - Lipid metabolism (fat) is a process whereby fatty acids are digested, broken down for energy, or stored in the human body for future energy use. These fatty acids are a component of triglycerides, which make up most of the dietary fats in foods such as vegetable oils and animal products. Triglycerides can be found in blood vessels and stored for future energy needs in adipose tissue cells, more commonly known as body fat, and liver cells. Although the body's main source of energy is carbohydrates, when this source is depleted, triglyceride fatty acids will then be broken up as a backup energy source. For example, the body uses energy from lipid metabolism during exercise, when the supply of glycogen, or the stored form of carbohydrate glucose, runs out, or when there is enough carbohydrate in the diet to meet the body's energy needs.

Triglycerides, also known as lipids or fats, are best suited for their role as a stored energy form because each gram supplies 9 calories (37 kilojoules), while carbohydrates supply only 4 calories (17 kilojoules) per gram. Calories are energy units, fat is considered energy-dense nutrient. Triglycerides consisting of three fatty acid chains bound to a hydrogen-containing compound are called glycerol, a fatty acid that can be liberated during lipid metabolism when the body needs these calories for energy.

The process of digesting fat in the body begins in the mouth that dikunya, and mixed with saliva, and mixed with lingual lipase enzyme contained in the salivary glands. after that fat into the esophagus and in the esophagus fat does not undergo the digestive process. Then to the stomach, in the stomach with the help of a lingual lipase enzyme in a limited amount start the process of hydrolyzing triglycerides into diglycerides and fatty acids, and the process is limited because gastric lipase can only perform a limited amount of hydrolysis. then into the small intestine, in the small intestine, bile material from the gallbladder emulsifies fat. the lipase anaconase ebrasal from the pancreas and the small intestine wall hydrolyzes the fat in the form of emulsions into diglycerides, monoglycerides, glycerol, and fatty acids. phospholipids derived from the pancreas also hydrolyze phospholipids into fatty acids and lysophospholipids. kolesteo = rolesterase derived from the pancreas hydrolyzing cholesterol esters. then digestion is still into the colon, a little fat and cholesterol that is confined in dietary fiber, is released through the feces.

and from the small intestine of fat that has undergone a process of hydrolysis into the process of fat metabolism, as illustrated in the picture above.

The main fats in the food in the blood are triglycerides, and their primary function is as energy reserves. as energy reserves, the body will store it in the form of fat deposits that are primarily stored in fat cells in the body's fat tissue. fat cells have a special enzyme on the surface of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) that has the ability to release triglycerides and lipoproteins, hydrolyze them and pass the results of hydrolysis into cells.

if the cell requires energy, the lipase enzyme in the fat cells will hydrolyze the saving of triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids and release into the blood vessels. on the cells in need, these components are then burned and produce energy, CO2 and H2O. in the final stages of hydrolysis, each fraction derived from a binding fat fraction derived from glucose before it is finally oxidized completely into CO2 and H2O. Body fat can not be perfectly hydrolyzed without the presence of carbohydrates. without carbohydrates will be obtained the result of fat burning in the form of ketone substances that can cause ketosis.

Therefore, to facilitate the hydrolysis of body fat requires carbohydrates, therefore, if consuming fat in large quantities should be followed by consuming carbohydrates in large quantities as well.